Лексика. Словообразование. Английский язык подготовка к ЕГЭ.
Лексика
Раздел 3. Включает 20 заданий, из которых 13 заданий с кратким ответом и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырёх предложенных. При выполнении заданий с кратким ответом вы должны самостоятельно записать ответ в соответствующем месте работы. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение Раздела 3 – 40 минут.
Всего в этот раздел включено 3 текста, в первом - записываем правильную грамматическую форму (текст на знание грамматики), во втором тексте - верную лексическую форму (текст на знание словообразования), в третьем тексте - просто выбираем 1 вариант из 4 предложенных.
Рекомендации:
Я, конечно, поделюсь с Вами таблицей словообразования (см. ниже). Но, увы, здесь нет никаких закономерностей. Вывод: учите слова! Повторюсь ещё раз и дам Вам тот же совет, что и в разделе "Чтение"..
Начните читать какой-либо английский рассказ, выписывайте незнакомые слова, задайтесь целью учить, например, по 5 английских слов в день. Не много, согласитесь! А в месяц? Гарантирую, это отличный способ расширить свой словарный запас разнообразной лексикой.
Словообразование в таблицах
Приставки
| приставка |
значение |
примеры |
| a-, an-,ab- |
without, not/без |
atypical, anhydrous, abnormal |
| ambi- |
both/оба |
ambivalent |
| ante- |
before/до |
antedate, anteroom |
| anti- |
against opposite/против |
antislavery, antifascist |
| auto- |
self/само |
automobile |
| bi- |
two/два |
biannual |
| co-; com- |
together with, joint/вместе |
coexist, co-author |
| counter- |
opposite/против |
counterattack |
| de- |
to reverse an action, to remove, to deprive of/"минус" |
demobilise, decentralise |
| dis- |
not, opposite of/не |
disconnect, disobey |
| en- |
to put into, to make/делать |
enlarge, enclose |
| ex- |
jrevious, former/бывший |
ex-minister |
| extra- |
outside, beyond/дополнительный |
extracurricular |
| hyper- |
overly, excessive/гипер |
hypertension |
| in, il, im, ir |
not, without, lacking/не |
incomplete, irregular, illegal |
| infra- |
below, beneath/ниже |
infrastructure |
| inter- |
between, among/между |
international |
| intra- |
within/внутри |
intravenous |
| macro- |
large/макро |
macrocomputer |
| mal- |
bad, wrongful ill/плохо |
maltreat, malnutrition |
| micro- |
small/маленький |
microchip |
| mid- |
in the middle of/средний |
mid-June |
| mis- |
wrongly, bad, astray/не |
misbehave |
| mono- |
one, single/один |
monorail |
| multi- |
many/много |
multipurpose |
| neo- |
new, recent/новый |
neoconservative |
| non- |
not/не |
non-essential |
| omni- |
all/всё |
omnipotent |
| post- |
after/после |
post-war |
| pre- |
before/до |
prehistoric |
| pro- |
in favour of/за |
prodemocratic |
| re- |
again, back/повторное действие |
re-elect, reopen |
| retro- |
back/обратно |
retroactive |
| semi- |
partly, half/наполовину |
semicircle |
| sub- |
under, less than normal/под |
subway, subnormal |
| super- |
above, beyond, greater than/супер |
supermarket, superman |
| syn-sym- |
together, at the same time/вместе |
synthesis |
| trans- |
across/через |
transatlantic |
| ultra- |
extremely, beyond/очень |
ultramodern |
| un- |
not, opposite/не |
unknown, undisturbed |
| uni- |
one/1 |
uniform |
Суффиксы для существительных
| суффикс |
значение |
слово |
произв. слово |
| -асу -су |
state |
candidate |
candidacy |
| -age |
result process |
drain |
drainage |
| -ance -ence |
state quality |
guide exist |
guidance existence |
| -ant -ent |
agent doer |
consult reside |
consultant resident |
| -action |
action |
condemn |
condemnation |
| -ition -ion |
state result |
abolish fuse |
abolition fusion |
| -dom |
condition state domain |
wise king |
wisdom kingdom |
| -ее |
one receiving action |
trust |
trustee |
| -eer |
doer, worker |
engine |
engineer |
| -er, -or |
doer, maker resident |
narrate London |
narrator Londoner |
| -ful |
amount |
spoon |
spoonful |
| -hood |
state condition |
child |
childhood |
| -ism |
system |
feudal |
feudalism |
| -ity |
state, quality |
valid |
validity |
| -ive |
agent, doer |
detect |
detective |
| -ment |
action, result |
amaze |
amazement |
| -ness |
quality, state |
vivid |
vividness |
| -(e)ry |
people or things as a whole |
rob dentist |
robbery dentistry |
| -ship |
state condition |
member |
membership |
| -tude |
quality, state |
serve |
servitude |
| -ure |
result, means |
depart |
departure |
| -y |
result, action |
jealous |
jealousy |
Суффиксы для прилагательных
| суффикс |
значение |
слово |
произв. слово |
| -able -ible |
able capable of |
reason |
reasonable |
| -at |
characteristic of |
season |
seasonal |
| -ant -ent |
doing, showing |
appear observe |
appearent observant |
| -ary |
tending to |
fragment |
fragmentary |
| -ate |
Full of, having |
affection |
affectionate |
| -en |
made of, like |
gold |
golden |
| -ful |
full of, having |
wonder |
wonderful |
| -ic |
relating to, characteristic of |
German romance |
Germanic romantic |
| -ive |
given to |
attract |
attractive |
| -less |
lacking, without |
life |
lifeless |
| -like |
similar like |
ape bell |
apelike bell-like |
| -ly |
like characteristic of |
mother |
motherly |
| -ous |
full of marked by |
fury |
furious |
| -some |
apt to |
trouble |
troublesome |
| -ward |
in the direction of |
west |
westward |
| -у |
like, showing |
shade |
shady |
Суффиксы для прилагательных и существительных
| суффикс |
значение |
слово |
произв. слово |
| -an, -ian |
belonging |
America |
American |
| -ese |
smth or smb of a place or a style |
Japan |
Japanese |
| -ine |
smth or smb characteristic of |
Florence |
Florentine |
| -ish |
smth characteristic of |
Spain |
Spanish |
| -ist |
doer, believer, related to |
Buddha |
Buddhist |
| -ite |
(smth or someone) characteristic of |
Israel |
Israelite |
Суффиксы для глаголов
| суффикс |
значение |
слово |
произв. слово |
| -ate |
become, form, treat |
hyphen |
hyphenate |
| -en |
make, cause to be |
wide |
widen |
| -fy. -ify |
cause make to be |
solid |
solidify |
| -ize |
make, cause to be |
central |
centralise |
Слова, которые мы часто путаем!
| acclamation acclimation |
enthusiastic approval; praise adjustment to a new climate or environment |
| affect effect |
to influence, to pretend a result, to achieve a result |
| accept except |
to agree to take; to assume, to approve but; to omit |
| discomfit discomfort |
to throw into confusion; to thwart to make uncomfortable; lack of comfort |
| emigrate immigrate |
to leave one’s country for another country о settle in a new country |
| clothes cloths |
garments fabrics |
| ingenious ingenuous |
clever; inventive without guile, naive |
| formally formerly |
politely, officially, according to custom or rule previously |
| later latter |
after some time the second of two mentioned |
| moral morale |
virtuous, ethical spirit, mental condition |
| lightening lightning |
making lighter in colour a visible electrical discharge in the atmosphere |
| personal personnel |
individual, private employees, staff |
| than then |
in comparison with at that time, next |
| precede proceed |
to come before to move on, to continue |
